基于形态分割的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取   总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26  

朱长青  王耀革  马秋禾  史文中 《测绘学报》2004,33(4):347-351

基于灰度形态学,提出一种从高分辨率遥感图像提取道路网络的方法.首先利用灰度形态特征对遥感影像进行分割,进而得到基本的道路网络轮廓.然后在此基础上,利用线段特征匹配方法提取道路网络.提出的方法能适应于从道路和背景区别不很清楚的遥感图像中提取道路.实验结果也表明,本文方法能有效地从遥感影像中提取道路网络.  相似文献   

弹性地球自转动力学理论的研究进展     

张捍卫  刘学谦  代光萍 《测绘科学》2004,29(5):83-87

地球自转的精确测定是高精度大地参考系建立的理论基础,也是天体测量学、大地测量学和地球物理学共同关注的研究领域。研究了弹性地球自转动力学的基本理论,主要内容包括:修正了固体潮和地球自转对地球惯量张量元影响的表达式;首次给出了高阶岁差章动力矩对地球自转的影响;介绍了大气对地球自转影响的数值积分法,并给出了负荷理论方法;总结了大陆水分布对地球自转影响的数值原理;研究了海洋负荷潮汐对地球自转影响的理论和方法,在推导过程中抛弃了传统的直接数值积分法,直接以负荷引力位为基础,并将海潮潮高引入表达式中,推导出了海潮对地球自转影响的有关公式。本文给出的理论公式可为动力大地测量学和天文地球动力学的研究提供理论参考和依据。  相似文献   

基于模糊集合理论的GPS高程多面函数拟合模型平滑因子优选   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邱斌  朱建军 《测绘工程》2004,13(3):35-38

建立GPS高程多面函数拟合模型,其平滑因子是否合适,对GPS水准高程测量精度将产生重要影响.基于模糊集合理论,提出平滑因子的优选方法,实例分析表明,该方法具有较好的实用价值.  相似文献   

A new insight into the contribution of environmental conditions to tropical cyclone activities          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Yuan  SONG Jinjie  WU Rongsheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(3):344-355

The changes of tropical cyclone (TC) activities in response to influencing environmental conditions have been paid more and more attention to in recent years. The potential contributions of single and multivariate environmental variables to annual TC frequency and intensity from 1970 to 2009 are investigated in this study. Instead of using correlation coefficient that assumes a set of samples satisfying the normal distribution, a quantitative measurement is formulated based on the information theory. The results show that dynamic environmental variables play an important role in variations of TC activities over the western North Pacific, North Atlantic, and eastern Pacific. These dynamic factors include wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa and 850-hPa relative vorticity. However, the effects of thermal factors on TC activities are distinct over different basins. The thermal environmental variables only have significant contributions to TC frequency and intensity over the eastern Pacific as well as to TC frequency over the North Atlantic. It is found that the primary factors influencing TC activities are indeed not the same over different basins because of the differences in atmospheric conditions and their changes across different areas. The effects of dynamic variables should be considered more in the regions such as the western North Pacific where the thermal conditions are always satisfied.  相似文献   

基于IGS超快星历预报卫星钟差及其精度分析     

郑作亚  党亚民  卢秀山  郭金运  阳凡林 《测绘科学》2010,35(2):8-12

在实时GPS精密单点定位中,能否快速有效地得到高精度的卫星钟差预报值是影响实时单点定位速度和精度的一个重要因素,由于GPS原子钟的高频率、高敏感和极易受到外界及其本身因素影响的性质使得卫星钟差预报至今都没能得到很好地解决,本文在目前的卫星钟差预报基础上,分别探讨了利用灰色模型理论、线性模型和二次多项式模型等方法,以IGS超快星历中2004年12月7日卫星钟差观测资料预报8日的卫星钟差为例进行卫星钟差预报研究,初步得出如下结论:在利用IGS超快星历的前一天的卫星钟差观测值预报后一天的钟差时,线性模型相对方便有效;而灰色模型只要选取合适的模型指数系数,能得到较高精度;但二次多项式模型预报精度较差。利用线性模型能达到或优于IGS超快星历预报钟差的预报精度。  相似文献   

纹理主方向的遥感影像居民地提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金飞  张占睦  芮杰 《测绘科学》2010,35(4):139-141

本文研究利用基于傅立叶变换和Hough变换的灰度共生矩阵方法对遥感影像居民地进行提取。首先,通过傅立叶变换把遥感影像变换到频率域,然后利用Hough变换找出遥感影像的主纹理方向,进而把影像主纹理方向旋转至水平,最后利用灰度共生矩阵方法进行纹理分割。实验结果表明:基于傅立叶变换和Hough变换的灰度共生矩阵方法对遥感影像居民地有较好的提取结果。  相似文献   

高差差分改正理论及其在大坝变形监测中的应用     

杨敏  高波  梁先兵 《地理空间信息》2010,8(1):131-133

从高差差分改正入手介绍高差差分改正理论的原理,并推导该理论的精度模型,指出利用该理论进行改正应满足的条件,目的在于将以前学者简单提及的理论系统化的认识和分析,甚至进行更深的推广;最后介绍其在某大坝变形监测中的应用实例,认为在满足文中提出的适用条件的情况下,该理论完全能利用于具体的监测项目中。  相似文献   

Structural, curvature and electronic properties of Rh adsorption on armchair single-walled carbon nanotube     

杨培芳  吴锋民  滕波涛  刘莎  蒋健中 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

This paper systematically studies the rolling effects of the (n, n) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with different curvatures on Rh adsorption behaviours by using density functional theory. The outside charge densities of SWCNTs are found to be higher than those inside, and the differences decrease with the increase of the tube radius. This electronic property led to the discovery that the outside adsorption energies are higher than the inside ones, and that the differences are reduced with the increase of the tube radius. Partial density of states and charge density difference indicate that these strong interactions induce electron transfer between Rh atoms and SWCNTs.  相似文献   

Towards a realistic theory of the geodynamo     

S. I. Braginsky 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):89-134

Abstract

The physics of the geodynamo is discussed. The main processes relevant for the buoyancy driven geodynamo are isolated. The successive stages of development of geodynamo theory are briefly described. The mechanism of local turbulence in the Earth's core is explained, and an estimate is presented of the turbulent transport of density inhomogeneities in the Earth's core. The significance of this turbulent transport to the geodynamo mechanism is stressed. The general scheme of the complete geodynamo theory of the future is outlined.  相似文献   

Review and enhancement of 3D concrete models for large‐scale numerical simulations of concrete structures     

B. Valentini  G. Hofstetter 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(3):221-246

The present paper focuses on selected plasticity and damage‐plasticity models for describing the 3D material behavior of concrete. In particular, a plasticity model and a damage‐plasticity model are reviewed and evaluated. Based on the results of the evaluation, enhancements are proposed, aiming at improving the correspondence between predicted and observed material behavior and aiming at implementing a robust and efficient stress update algorithm in a finite element program for performing large‐scale 3D numerical simulations of concrete structures. The capabilities of the concrete models are demonstrated by 3D numerical simulations of benchmark tests with combined bending and torsional loading and combined compression and shear loading and by a large‐scale 3D finite element analysis of a model test of a concrete arch dam. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献